// scientists & scholars

Scientists & Scholars

The scientists and scholars whose laws and formulas inspire these tools. Click a letter to filter; each profile cites its source.

A

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1931–2015 · Aerospace engineering Al-Karaji c. 953 - c. 1029 CE · Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi c. 780–850 CE · Algebra, arithmetic, astronomy Albert Einstein 1879–1955 · Physics Albert Ghiorso 1915–2010 · Nuclear science Albertus Magnus c. 1200–1280 · Natural philosophy Anders Gustaf Ekeberg 1767–1813 · Chemistry Andreas Sigismund Marggraf 1709–1782 · Chemistry André-Louis Debierne 1874–1949 · Chemistry Antoine Jérôme Balard 1802–1876 · Chemistry Antonio de Ulloa 1716–1795 · Science, exploration Archimedes c. 287 – c. 212 BC · Mathematics Aryabhata 476–550 CE · Mathematics, astronomy Axel Fredrik Cronstedt 1722–1765 · Chemistry, mineralogy

B

Baudhayana c. 800 BCE · Geometry Bernard Courtois 1777–1838 · Chemistry Bhaskara II 1114–1185 CE · Algebra, calculus Birbal Sahni 1891–1949 · Palaeobotany Blaise Pascal 1623–1662 · Mathematics, physics Brahmagupta 598–668 CE · Algebra, arithmetic

C

C. R. Rao 1920–2023 · Statistics C. V. Raman 1888–1970 · Physics Carl Auer von Welsbach 1858–1929 · Chemistry Carl Gustaf Mosander 1797–1858 · Chemistry Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1742–1786 · Chemistry Charles Hatchett 1765–1847 · Chemistry Claude François Geoffroy 1729–1753 · Chemistry Clemens Winkler 1838–1904 · Chemistry

D

Daniel Rutherford 1749–1819 · Chemistry Diophantus c. 200–284 CE · Algebra, number theory Dmitri Mendeleev 1834–1907 · Chemistry

E

Edward Lorenz 1917–2008 · Meteorology, mathematics Edwin McMillan 1907–1991 · Physics, chemistry Emilio Segrè 1905–1989 · Physics Euclid of Alexandria c. 300 BC · Mathematics, geometry, number theory Eugène-Anatole Demarçay 1852–1903 · Chemistry

F

Ferdinand Reich 1799–1882 · Chemistry, physics Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein 1740–1825 · Mineralogy, chemistry François Viète 1540–1603 · Algebra François-Marie Raoult 1830–1901 · Physical chemistry Friedrich Ernst Dorn 1848–1916 · Physics Friedrich Stromeyer 1776–1835 · Chemistry

G

Georg Brandt 1694–1768 · Chemistry Georg Ohm 1789–1854 · Physics George de Hevesy 1885–1966 · Chemistry Germain Hess 1802–1850 · Thermochemistry Glenn T. Seaborg 1912–1999 · Chemistry

H

Halayudha 10th century CE · Mathematics Hans Christian Ørsted 1777–1851 · Physics, chemistry Har Gobind Khorana 1922–2011 · Molecular biology, biochemistry Hennig Brand c. 1630–c. 1710 · Alchemy Henri Moissan 1852–1907 · Chemistry Henry Cavendish 1731–1810 · Chemistry, physics Hero of Alexandria c. 10 – c. 70 AD · Geometry, engineering Hipparchus of Nicaea c. 190 – c. 120 BC · Astronomy, trigonometry Homi Jehangir Bhabha 1909–1966 · Theoretical physics Humphry Davy 1778–1829 · Chemistry

I

Isaac Newton 1642–1727 · Physics, mathematics

J

Jacob A. Marinsky 1918–2005 · Chemistry Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff 1852–1911 · Physical chemistry Jagadish Chandra Bose 1858–1937 · Physics, biology Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac 1817–1894 · Chemistry Jia Xian c. 1010 - c. 1070 CE · Mathematics Johan August Arfwedson 1792–1841 · Chemistry Johan Gadolin 1760–1852 · Chemistry Johan Gottlieb Gahn 1745–1818 · Chemistry, mineralogy Johannes Kepler 1571–1630 · Astronomy John Napier 1550–1617 · Mathematics, astronomy Joseph Fourier 1768–1830 · Mathematics, physics Joseph Priestley 1733–1804 · Chemistry Josiah Willard Gibbs 1839–1903 · Physical chemistry, thermodynamics Juan José & Fausto Elhuyar 18th century · Chemistry Jöns Jacob Berzelius 1779–1848 · Chemistry

K

Karl Ernst Claus 1796–1864 · Chemistry

L

Lars Fredrik Nilson 1840–1899 · Chemistry Leonhard Euler 1707–1783 · Mathematics Lise Meitner 1878–1968 · Physics Lothar Collatz 1910–1990 · Mathematics Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin 1763–1829 · Chemistry

M

Madhava of Sangamagrama c. 1340–1425 CE · Mathematical analysis Manjul Bhargava b. 1974 · Number theory Marc Delafontaine 1837–1911 · Chemistry Marguerite Perey 1909–1975 · Chemistry Marie Curie 1867–1934 · Physics, chemistry Martin Heinrich Klaproth 1743–1817 · Chemistry Martti Karvonen 1918–2009 · Exercise physiology Meghnad Saha 1893–1956 · Astrophysics Michael Faraday 1791–1867 · Physics, chemistry Mifflin & St Jeor 1990 · Nutrition science

N

Nils Gabriel Sefström 1787–1845 · Chemistry Norman Lockyer 1836–1920 · Astronomy

O

Omar Khayyam 1048-1131 CE · Mathematics, astronomy, poetry

P

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran 1838–1912 · Chemistry Per Teodor Cleve 1840–1905 · Chemistry Pingala c. 300 BCE · Combinatorics, prosody Prafulla Chandra Ray 1861–1944 · Chemistry Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis 1893–1972 · Statistics Pythagoras of Samos c. 570 – c. 495 BC · Mathematics, philosophy

R

Raj Reddy b. 1937 · Computer science Robert Bunsen 1811–1899 · Chemistry Roger Cotes 1682–1716 · Mathematics

S

Salim Ali 1896–1987 · Ornithology, natural history Satyendra Nath Bose 1894–1974 · Mathematical physics Shakuntala Devi 1929–2013 · Mental calculation Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar 1930–2012 · Mathematics Smithson Tennant 1761–1815 · Chemistry Srinivasa Ramanujan 1887–1920 · Number theory, analysis Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910–1995 · Astrophysics Svante Arrhenius 1859–1927 · Physical chemistry

W

Walter Noddack 1893–1960 · Chemistry Walther Nernst 1864–1941 · Physical chemistry William Crookes 1832–1919 · Chemistry, physics William Gregor 1761–1817 · Chemistry, mineralogy William Henry 1774–1836 · Chemistry William Hyde Wollaston 1766–1828 · Chemistry, physics William Ramsay 1852–1916 · Chemistry

Y

Yang Hui c. 1238 - c. 1298 CE · Mathematics