What is property cashflow?
The money left each year after rent has paid the mortgage, running costs and an allowance for vacancy. Positive means it pays for itself; negative means it costs you to hold.
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Project a rental property's yearly and monthly cashflow after the mortgage, running costs and an allowance for vacancy.
annual cashflow = rent×(1−vacancy) − mortgage − costs
The money left each year after rent has paid the mortgage, running costs and an allowance for vacancy. Positive means it pays for itself; negative means it costs you to hold.
When a property's costs exceed its rental income, producing a loss. Some investors accept this, betting on capital growth and, in some countries, tax benefits, to come out ahead.
Because no rental is occupied 100% of the time. Building in a few percent of vacancy makes the projection realistic rather than rosy.
Before tax. Tax treatment of property income and losses varies by country and can change the picture, so check your local rules.
Raise rent to market, cut avoidable costs, reduce vacancy with good management, or refinance to a cheaper rate. Each lever shows up directly in the result.